How do I add VAT to a price?+−
Multiply the net price by 1 plus the rate: at 20%, 100 × 1.20 = 120, so the VAT is 20. At 19%, 100 × 1.19 = 119. The calculator shows the factor it uses under the result.
How do I take VAT out of a price that includes it?+−
Divide, don't subtract the percentage: at 20%, 120 ÷ 1.20 = 100, so the VAT is 20. Taking 20% off 120 would give 96, which is wrong - that's the most common VAT mistake. A handy shortcut: at 20% the VAT is 1/6 of the gross price, at 25% it's 1/5 and at 10% it's 1/11.
What's the difference between VAT, GST and sales tax?+−
VAT (also IVA, TVA, MwSt, KDV, НДС) and GST are the same kind of tax: charged at every step of the supply chain, with businesses reclaiming what they paid, so in the end the customer bears it. Australia, India, Singapore, New Zealand and Canada call it GST. Sales tax, as in the United States, is charged only on the final sale and set by states and cities - choose "custom rate" and type your local rate.
Why is my invoice a cent different?+−
Because of rounding. Invoices usually round the VAT on each line and then add the lines up, which can differ by a cent from working out VAT on the total. This calculator rounds per line and per currency (no cents for yen or won, three decimals for the Bahraini dinar) and makes sure net plus VAT equals gross exactly.
Which rate applies to my product?+−
Most goods and services use the standard rate. Reduced rates usually cover things like food, books, medicines, public transport or hotels, and the lists differ by country and change often. The rates here were checked in October 2026; for an invoice or a tax return, confirm the rate with your tax authority or accountant.
Does this replace tax advice?+−
No. It does the arithmetic quickly and correctly, but it can't know your exemptions, reverse-charge rules or special schemes. Nothing you type is sent anywhere, so it's safe to use with real figures.